Address: 

See These: Counter Spy | Checking Point Directory | The Charity Connection Directory | The Cool Directory | Proxy.tj | Symbion Links Directory |

• You are currently unable to edit pages on Wikipedia.

  You can still read pages, but cannot edit, change, or create them.

  Editing from your IP address or IP address range has been disabled on all wikis by Pathoschild (meta.wikimedia.org). The reason given was "web proxy, crosswiki abuse".

  To request unblock, visit your talk page and add the text {{unblock|global block — REASON}}. Replace "REASON" with the reason for requesting unblock.

  Additionally, you may appeal the global block at Steward requests/Global.

  The block expires on 11 October 2010 at 05:49.

• Secure login You are currently unable to edit pages on Wikipedia. You can still read pages, but you cannot edit or create them. Editing from 67.159.44.97 has been disabled by Ryulong for the following reason(s): This IP address has been blocked because it is believed to be an open proxy or zombie computer. To prevent abuse, these proxies may be blocked from editing Wikipedia. If your ISP has misconfigured its proxy, you can try bypassing it by logging into Wikimedia's secure gateway at https://secure.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/wiki/. For more information about open proxies and what you can do, please see the WikiProject on open proxies. (Multi-RBL lookup • Sandbox test edit) This block has been set to expire: indefinite. Even if blocked, you will usually still be able to edit your user talk page and contact other editors and administrators by e-mail. Note: Please use the [show] links across from each header to show more information.

  Other useful links: Blocking policy · Username policy · Appealing blocks: policy and guide

  What does this mean?

  What is a block? A block is a measure used to protect Wikipedia from possible improper use or modification in breach of editorial policies. Blocks can apply to a user account, an IP address, or a range of IP addresses that is deemed responsible for or related to problematic activity. You may be an innocent victim of collateral damage, whereby a block of some other activity has accidentally caused your account to be inaccessible. The reason for your block may be found above. Most common causes Your IP address matches that used by another blocked account. Ask for further information and/or request unblocking. Your account or a connected IP has been used in a problematic way, or your username was unsuitable and you need to choose another. The reason should be in the box above.

  What do I do now?

  If instructions are given above in the block message, follow them. If you have never edited Wikipedia before and/or do not have an account, consider creating one. If you wish to appeal the block, or you believe you have been blocked by mistake, please see the following section. Appealing The current block will automatically expire indefinite. You have many routes to appeal the block or its duration. Firstly, if you are a registered user and have a valid e-mail address confirmed, you can contact Ryulong via e-mail. This feature can be removed if abused. Alternatively, you may appeal the block by requesting that another administrator review the block. To do so, add {{unblock|your reason here}} to the bottom of your user talk page to request unblocking. You must state a reason for this, and the block can then be discussed. Our guide to appealing blocks might help you in composing a persuasive unblock request. If 67.159.44.97 is not blocked, your IP address (67.159.44.97) or range may have been blocked. Please check here. If this is the case, please copy and paste the following text to the bottom of your user talk page. {{unblock-ip|1=67.159.44.97|2=<nowiki>{{blocked proxy}}</nowiki>|3=Ryulong}} Please note: While this block may be upsetting or unexpected, abuse of appeal processes, repeatedly using the unblock template when denied, personal attacks, or impolite conduct may lead to the removal of your ability to edit your talk page.

  Additional information

  Online Chat You may also use the freenode IRC network to discuss your block with administrators available at the time. If you have an IRC client, the unblock channel can be found at #wikipedia-en-unblock. If you don't have an IRC client, you can access the channel via a browser-based application. E-mailing us Due to the high volume of e-mail we receive, you are more likely to get a quick response if you try requesting an unblock via your talk page first. Before you e-mail us, please make sure that your situation has not already been addressed by the above sections. Your talk page may also contain further details related to your block or IP address, and we strongly advise that you review it before contacting us. When sending us an e-mail, please copy, paste, and fill out one of these forms. To request unblocking: IP address: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User_talk:67.159.44.97 Blocking admin: Ryulong Block reason: {{blocked proxy}} Block originally applied to: 67.159.44.97 Block ID number: 740216 Your account name (if you have one): An explanation of why your block is unfair: To request an account: IP address: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User_talk:67.159.44.97 Blocking admin: Ryulong Block reason: {{blocked proxy}} Block originally applied to: 67.159.44.97 Block ID number: 740216 Preferred account name: Note: your preferred username must not be listed as already taken here, and must comply with our username policy. Even though e-mails sent to the unblock-en-l mailing list are viewable only by administrators and trusted volunteers, under no circumstances should you e-mail us your account's password or reveal it to anyone else even if asked to. When requesting an account, a temporary password will be generated and e-mailed to you. Please change the password on your new account as soon as possible. You may contact unblock-en-l at unblock-en-llists.wikimedia.org. IMPORTANT: Please do not e-mail us without providing the information requested above. We will always require that information to help you. This mailing list exists for the purpose of reviewing blocks only—any request to make edits to articles on your behalf will be disregarded. Correspondence containing legal threats, personal attacks or rudeness is likely to be ignored and may result in the extension of pre-existing blocks.

:''This article is about the suicide torpedo. For other meanings, see [[Kaiten (disambiguation)]].'' {{Infobox Weapon |name= Kaiten |image= [[Image:KaitenMission.JPG|300px|Kaiten]] |caption= Kaiten manned torpedoes, stacked on top of a departing submarine |origin= [[Empire of Japan]] |type= Manned Torpedo <!-- Type selection --> |is_ranged= |is_bladed= |is_explosive=yes |is_artillery= |is_vehicle=yes |is_missile=yes <!-- Service history --> |service= 1944-1945 |used_by=[[Imperial Japanese Navy]] |wars= [[World War II]] <!-- Production history --> |designer= |design_date= |manufacturer= |unit_cost= |production_date= |number=~400 |variants= 10 <!-- General specifications --> |spec_label=Kaiten I |weight={{convert|8.3|t|ST|lk=on|abbr=on}} |length={{convert|14.75|m|ftin|abbr=on}} |part_length= |diameter={{convert|1|m|ftin|abbr=on}} |crew=1 <!-- Explosive specifications --> |filling= |filling_weight={{convert|1550|kg|lb|abbr=on}} |detonation=Contact, Command Detonation |yield= <!-- Vehicle/missile specifications --> |armour= |primary_armament= |secondary_armament= |engine=Type 93 Oxygen torpedo engine |engine_power={{convert|550|hp|kW|lk=on|abbr=on}} |pw_ratio= |propellant=Oxygen, diesel |fuel_capacity= |vehicle_range={{convert|78|km|nmi mi|lk=on|abbr=on}} |speed={{convert|30|kn|km/h mph|lk=on|abbr=on}} |guidance=Manually piloted |steering= |accuracy= |launch_platform=[[Submarine]] |transport= }} The '''''Kaiten''''' ({{lang-ja|回天}}, literal translation "return to the sky", regular translation "the turn toward heaven", "The Heaven Shaker" and "Change the World"<ref>{{cite book|author= Hashimoto|title=Sunk|publisher=Henry Holt and Company|year=1954}}</ref>) was a [[torpedo]] modified as a [[suicide attack|suicide weapon]], and used by the [[Imperial Japanese Navy]] in the final stages of [[World War II]]. Early designs allowed the pilot to escape after the final acceleration toward the target, although whether this could have been done successfully is doubtful. There is no record of any pilot attempting to escape or intending to do so, and this provision was dropped from later production ''kaitens'' so that, once inside, the pilot could not let himself out. The ''kaiten'' was fitted with a control for self destruction, intended for use if an attack failed. ==Description and Service== [[Image:KaitenType1Turret.JPG|thumb|left|100px|Periscope of a ''Kaiten'' Type 1, [[Yūshūkan|Tokyo Yasukuni War Memorial Museum]].]] Five models were designed, the types 1, 2, 3 and 4 based on the [[type 93 torpedo]] ({{convert|36|ft|8|in|m|abbr=on}}24 inch oxygen/kerosene), and the Type 10, based on the [[type 92 torpedo]] ({{convert|21|in|mm|abbr=on}} electric). Types 2, 4 and 10 were manufactured in small numbers and never used. Prototypes of the Type 3 may have been built, or it may have existed only as a concept. Only the type 1, a one-person model with a {{convert|1360|kg|lb|abbr=on}} warhead, was used operationally. Almost 400 were built, more than 100 of which were sent on suicide missions. "''Kaiten'' attacks resulted in sinking only two American vessels with the loss of 162 American lives, in comparison to 106 ''kaiten'' pilots who lost their lives, including 15 killed in training accidents. The ''kaiten'' pilots' ages ranged from 17 to 28. In addition to the ''kaiten'' pilots, more than 600 men died as eight Japanese submarines carrying ''kaiten'' were sunk."<ref>http://wgordon.web.wesleyan.edu/kamikaze/museums/kaiten/</ref> When compared with the Type 93 torpedo which was deck-launched from the surface, ''kaitens'' had the obvious advantages of having a pilot to guide the weapon, and being launched from a submerged submarine. However, they were not nearly as effective round-for-round as the highly successful type 93 torpedo on which they were based. Sources from the United States state the only sinkings achieved by ''kaiten'' attacks were the [[Fleet replenishment ship|fleet oiler]] {{USS|Mississinewa|AO-59|6}} on 20 November 1944, and the [[destroyer escort]] {{USS|Underhill|DE-682|6}} on 24 July 1945 (some Japanese sources give much larger numbers). [[Image:KaitenType1.JPG|thumb|left|A ''Kaiten'' Type I, [[Yūshūkan|Tokyo Yasukuni War Memorial Museum]].]] The Type 2 was intended to have a crew of two, and so is often confused with the Japanese [[Ko-hyoteki class submarine|''Ko-hyoteki''-class]] midget submarines used to attack [[Pearl Harbor attack|Pearl Harbor]] and [[Attack on Sydney Harbour|Sydney]]. However, the midget submarines used in these attacks were each armed with two light [[torpedo]]es in individual tubes, and were intended to return to their mother ships after firing them. All ''kaitens'', on the other hand, had fixed warheads and were destroyed on detonation. The quality of construction reflected this fundamental difference. [[Image:TorpedoKaiten.jpg|thumb|Aft half of ''Kaiten'', after recovery by U.S. forces at Ulithi Atoll in 1945.]] All ''kaitens'' were designed to be launched from the deck of either a surface ship or a submerged [[submarine]]. Provision was made for the crew to enter the ''kaiten'' from the submarine while submerged. ''Kaitens'' had a very limited depth capability, and when carried on a submarine deck prevented the submarine itself from diving deeper. This is one of several factors blamed for the very poor survival rate of submarines using them, eight submarines being lost for the sinking of only two enemy ships and damaging of some others. A submarine carried three to six ''kaitens''. ==Schematics== [[File:Kaiten torpedo type 1 schematic-1.svg|thumb|600px|left|Schematic of a Kaiten type 1.]] [[File:Kaiten torpedo type 2 schematic-1.svg|thumb|600px|left|Schematic of a Kaiten type 2.]] [[File:TorpedoKaitenSchematics2.jpg|600px|Schematics of Kaiten types 4 and 10.]] ==References== {{reflist}} ==See also== *[[Midget submarine]] *[[Human torpedo]] *[[Living torpedo]] *[[Type 93 torpedo]] *[[Kamikaze]] ==External links== {{commonscat}} *[http://wgordon.web.wesleyan.edu/kamikaze/museums/kaiten/index.htm Kaiten Memorial Museum] located at former kaiten base on Otsushima Island *[http://wgordon.web.wesleyan.edu/kamikaze/books/personal/yokota/index.htm Kamikaze Submarine] book by kaiten pilot who survived three missions due to chance incidents which necessitated the cancellation of each operation he was scheduled to be involved in *[http://www.bowfin.org/website/about_park/outdoor_exhibits/kaiten/kaiten.htm USS Bowfin Submarine Museum & Park] description accompanying the exhibit of a type 4 kaiten *[http://www.history.navy.mil/photos/sh-fornv/japan/japtp-ss/kaiten.htm US Navy Historical Center] account of the kaiten program, with diagrams of types 1, 2, 4 and 10 *[http://www.combinedfleet.com/kaiten.htm Pictorial account of types 1 and 2 kaitens] *[http://www.hnsa.org/ships/kaitennj.htm HNSA Web Page: IJN Kaiten] *[http://www.geocities.jp/torikai007/1945/kaiten.html Human　torpedo 回天 ''Kaiten''] (Japanese) *{{cite book|last=Sheftall|first=M.G.|year=2005|title=Blossoms in the Wind: Human Legacies of the Kamikaze|publisher=NAL Caliber|pages=480pp|isbn=0-451-21487-0|url=}} <!--Kaiten is also know as the japanese term "To Pivot"--> [[Number9dream]] Kaitens figure in the second novel by David Mitchell, Number9Dream [[Category:Torpedoes of Japan]] [[Category:World War II Japanese suicide weapons]] [[cs:Kaiten]] [[de:Kaiten]] [[es:Kaiten]] [[eo:Kaiten (torpedo)]] [[fr:Kaiten]] [[it:Kaiten]] [[lt:Kaiten]] [[nl:Kaiten]] [[ja:回天]] [[no:Kaiten]] [[pl:Kaiten (żywa torpeda)]] [[ru:Кайтэн]] [[simple:Kaiten]] [[sk:Kaiten (torpédo)]] [[sv:Kaiten]] [[zh:回天]]

Return to Kaiten